Middle Ages

Middle Ages
See also: Middle Ages
800 King Charlemagne of the Franks is crowned first Holy Roman Emperor of the West by Pope Leo III.
849-865 Ansgar, Archbishop of Bremen, “Apostle of the North”, began evangelisation of North Germany, Denmark, Sweden
855 Antipope Anastasius, Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor appointed him over Pope Benedict III but popular pressure caused withdrawal
863 Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius sent by the Patriarch of Constantinople to evangelise the Slavic peoples. They translate the Bible into Slavonic.
869-870 Catholic Fourth Council of Constantinople, condemned Patriarch Photius, rejected by Orthodox
879-880 Orthodox Fourth Council of Constantinople, restored Photius, condemned Pope Nicholas I and Filioque, rejected by Catholics
897,January Cadaver Synod, Pope Stephen VI conducts trial against dead Pope Formosus, public uprising against Stephen led to his imprisonment and strangulation
909 Abbey of Cluny, Benedictine monastery in France
948? Einsiedeln Abbey of Switzerland
966 Mieszko I duke of Poland baptised, Poland becomes a Christian country.
984 Antipope Boniface VII, murdered Pope John XIV, alleged to have murdered Pope Benedict VI in 974
988 Baptism of Kievan Rus’
997-998 Antipope John XVI, deposed by Pope Gregory V and his cousin Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
999 Much speculation and fear regarding the approach of the millennium
1012 Antipope Gregory VI, removed by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
1030 Battle of Stiklestad, considered victory of Christianity over Norwegian Paganism
1045 Sigfrid of Sweden, Benedictine evangelist
1046 Council of Sutri, Pope Silvester III exiled, Pope Gregory VI admitted to buying the papacy and resigned, Pope Benedict IX resigned, council appointed Pope Clement II
1054 East-West Schism split between Eastern (Orthodox Christianity) and Western (Roman Catholic) churches formalized
1058-1059 Antipope Benedict X, defeated in war with Pope Nicholas II and Normans
1061-1064 Antipope Honorius II rival of Pope Alexander II
1065 Westminster Abbey consecrated
1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII, Investiture Controversy with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, proponent of Clerical celibacy, opponent of simony, concubinage, Antipope Clement III
1079 Stanislaus of Szczepan?³w, patron saint of Poland
1082 Engelberg Abbey of Switzerland
1093-1109 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote Cur Deus Homo (Why God Became Man), a landmark exploration of the Atonement
1095-1291 10 Crusades, first called by Pope Urban II at Council of Clermont against Islamic empire to reconquer the Holy Land for Christendom
1098 Foundation of the reforming monastery of Citeaux, leads to the growth of the Cistercian order.
1101 Antipope Theodoric and Antipope Adalbert deposed by Pope Paschal II
1118 Knights Templar founded, to defend Holy Land
1123 Catholic First Lateran Council
1128 Holyrood Abbey in Scotland
1130 Peter of Bruys, burned at the stake
1131 Tintern Abbey in Wales
1131-1138 Antipope Anacletus II
1139 Catholic Second Lateran Council
1140? Decretum Gratiani, Catholic Canon law
1142 Peter Ab?©lard, Letters of Abelard and Heloise
1144 The Saint Denis Basilica of Abbot Suger is the first major building in the style of Gothic architecture.
1154-1159 Pope Adrian IV, first (and to date only) English pope
1155 Theotokos of Vladimir arrives to Bogolyubovo
1155 Carmelites founded
1163 Notre Dame de Paris, construction begun
1173 Waldensians founded
1179 Catholic Third Lateran Council
1191 Teutonic Knights founded
1204-1261 Latin Empire of Constantinople
1205 Saint Francis of Assisi becomes a hermit, founding the Franciscan order of friars, renounces wealth and begins his ministry; the Rosary is reportedly given to St. Dominic (who founded Dominican Order) by an apparition of Mary
1215 Catholic Fourth Lateran Council, decreed special dress for Jews and Muslims
1220-1263 St Alexander Nevsky, holy patron of Russia
1231 Charter of the University of Paris granted by Pope Gregory IX.
1245 Catholic First Council of Lyon
1252 May 15, Ad exstirpanda, Pope Innocent IV authorized use of torture in Inquisitions
1260 Date which a 1988 Vatican sponsored scientific study places the origin of the Shroud of Turin
1274 Summa Theologiae, written by Thomas Aquinas, theologian and philosopher, landmark systematic theology which later became official Catholic doctrine
1274 Catholic Second Council of Lyon

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• Leading through a Disaster - 2012
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• 1 Timothy 6 - 2007
• 1 Timothy 5 - 2007
• 1 Timothy 4 - 2007
• 1 Timothy 3 - 2007
• 1 Timothy 2 - 2007
• 1 Timothy 1 - 2007
• 2 Thessalonians 3 - 2007